Why does my Onedrive.exe file disappear from the %appdata%\local\microsoft\onedrive folder?

You do not need to delete anything. This is what I am doing to make this as painless as possible. Saves me a ton of extra steps. 

First, make a Shortcut of your one drive folder on your desktop. Whenever the onedrive stops working, just double click your shortcut you made, double-click whichever folder is the newest build and run the application- file named OneDriveSetup. You do not need to delete anything. This will update your onedrive within less than 30 seconds-60 seconds and once you are done, it will be working just like before. 

Good luck!

C:

Users 

Then go into your user profile.

App Data

Local

Microsoft

Onedrive (Right mouse click this folder, click send to and click desktop.)

type - 

it is NOW affecting both my desktop and my Surface 3 Pro notebook both of which are running Windows 10

It doesn't matter which version you install.  When you log off your Win10 account and/or your computer goes into sleep mode, the onedrive.exe file is deleted.  Shortcuts don't work.  you have to delete Onedrive then reinstall Onedrive.  

I noticed this immediately after the 1803 Windows update.  it is not affecting my desktop and my notebook.

very disappointed in the lack of help from Microsoft.

One more idea.  OneDrive.exe disappears when OneDrive tries to automatically update.  

I have googled the following:

https://coretechnologies.com/blog/miscellaneous/disable-onedrive-automatic-updates/

I have just disabled the scheduler that does the automatic update.  I am guessing this will work.  Of course, the problem is that one will have to manually update...

So it just happened to me again.  I see that OneDrive downloaded a new version of itself, but it didn't complete and thus onedrive disappeared.  

I kept a "copy" of the OneDrive.exe file.  I ran it and then the new version finished installing.  Crazy that this keeps happening.

Not sure what to do about it...