For me, this method only works until the next update is pushed and OneDrive fails to start again .This is the point of this entire thread; upon update, the OneDrive app does not start UNTIL you execute "OneDriveSetup.exe" which puts the current version of "OneDrive.exe" back in the %AppData%\Local\Microsoft\OneDrive folder.
Did you try uninstalling and rebooting before installing with the new version? I only did that on my main PC, but all others just worked when I installed with the setup file.