I didn't have too many BSOD's, but I do recall a major problem with the first release of win 10. Something to do with Start Menu & Cortana not working, which proved quite a headache for months.
Anyway.. Back to the subject at hand:
I have noticed often that problems worsen as the day progresses.
Here's an example of another missing text and iconsissue. I've noticed it before in the download Save as dialogue, especially in the field where the name of the file should display. At the same time, I discover that the GIMP text fields are also now not working where they were earlier in the day.
Additionally, my desktop icons looked ok until mouse over. Then the text for some of them disappeared, leaving the same black mess as shown previously. My thinking now is that it's not the wrong font, but rather the drop shadow for the text that is normally there.
This time, a Restart did restore full functionality - for the time being, at least.
As a matter of fact, as soon as I hit Restart and before before restart began my desktop icons were restored.