On my HP laptop, the problem has disappeared. It is rather newer than my other devices, as it has a 4th-gen Intel Core i5 CPU. Also, on my company system, which is an ancient Core 2 Duo system, the crash does not happen.
But on my main desktop, which has a 3rd-gen Intel Core i7: I reset Windows 10 twice, and then nuked and reinstalled Windows with Microsoft Media Creator, but even on that naked copy of Windows 10 build 17134.191 (nothing installed, not even drivers), the problem can be reproduced as soon as Windows touches Internet. (It can be indefinitely postponed by disabling Internet connection.) It even occurs in Safe Mode.
Clearly, the problem is not caused by Windows edition, FODs, apps, third-party drivers or account type (Microsoft vs. local).