Just wanted to chime in here and say that a teacher at our educational institution is experiencing an extremely similar issue on his 2016 Surface Book running Windows 10 and Office OneNote 2013 (not 2016 like the original poster). The Surface has been running just fine since he got it, but these issues only started happening after the update to Windows 10 version 1709 (Fall Creators Update). Since then, he gets a bluescreen when using OneNote 2013 while teaching, and like the original poster, if he opens a more complex OneNote book, he can make the machine bluescreen predictably every time.
The fault for this machine is also System Service Exception, in win32kbase.sys. Same as the original post.