Much to my dismay, I seem to also have the same issue. Everything was working fine once I rolled back from 1709 to 1607. However, it obviously detected being out of date and eventually started the upgrade process again. At this point I guess I'm not quite sure which update(s) I should block such that when 1709 goes to reinstall, I don't encounter the same non-boot issue. Or, is it simply a matter of installing patch KB4058258 before the 1709 update self-initiates? Again, much appreciated to those who are sticking around and helping the rest where this issue continues to persist.
UPDATE**:** So I went through the 1607 to 1709 update process, then installed (via Dism in CMD because system is back to black screen/locked booting) KB4058258, KB4073290, and KB4057144. And still yet the boot process gets stuck at the spinning dots and/or the black screen w/ cursor. I'm really at a loss because for my specific configuration, something contained within build 1709 is directly causing this. As soon as I revert back to 1607, I can boot normally and the desktop comes up fine. So is the solution really to prevent 1709 from ever installing? At least until the next build is released? And if so, how would I even go about "blocking" a major update like that short of disconnecting the network cable indefinitely?