I've got an Athlon 64 x2 6000+, same as you, Windows 7 Pro 64-bit, and Kaspersky Total Security v18 (Kaspersky rolled out their patched code in mid-December 2017). I have auto-restart turned off, so I got a BSOD upon reboot. System Event log shows 0x800f0816 for the failed patch error code. Booted into recovery mode using F8, ran System Restore back to point set by update, then it booted just fine. Went into Windows Updates and hid the KB4056894 update and it's working OK (for now).
We will hopefully see M$ release a less-hostile patch for AMD computers soon; I don't like skipping patches while the hackers reverse-engineer them.
Fingers crossed!