I've been getting an issue as well.
The following is from the error detailed in event viewer:
Installation Failure: Windows failed to install the following update with error 0x800F0845: 2017-12 Cumulative Update for Windows 10 Version 1709 for x64-based Systems (KB4054517).
I'm running Windows 10 Pro (64 bit) v. 1709 build 16299.98.
I've been having random freeze up glitches since I installed FCU and I cannot pinpoint what's causing the error due to insufficient data.
I decided to install the update in question and I was presented with the error mentioned in this article post.
I didn't recognize anything in event viewer during the first occurrence. Just today, I forgot the update installed itself and when I happened to reboot, it started applying the update. Yet again, I receive a boot loop, an auto repair screen, and a status of "We could not complete the installation. Undoing changes" upon the final stable boot.
The difference this time was that when I checked even viewer, I found this nasty little bugger:
The computer has rebooted from a bugcheck. The bugcheck was: 0x000000ef (0xffff84846a680080, 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000). A dump was saved in: C:\WINDOWS\MEMORY.DMP. Report Id: 72f3b9d8-66fd-42c9-8f57-4bad9f38c83f.
Something caused the kernel to flop from what I can tell. I can only assume at this point that there's a driver conflict for the FCU glitch. As for this now cumulative update error, I have no clue. Seeing as how I'm not the only one, I can only infer that Microsoft didn't provision the update correctly.