Here is your site...
http://support.ts.fujitsu.com/IndexDownload.asp
Downloads for LIFEBOOK A555/G
It mentions 1803 in at least the SATA (Rapid Storage Technology) file description. Yes, first try to update drivers through Device Manager. But then compare the version to what is at the site.
(1) You do have the latest BIOS update for your Fujitsu Lifebook A555/G.
(2) You mistyped, but have the right driver for 1803's CDROM.sys: 10.0.17134.1.
(3) Did you mistype the SATA driver, which should be...?...
But I guess it could be the "-A" wouldn't show up in Device Manager. What about the date?
(4) The 3 Microsoft drivers you mention are all version 10.0.17134.1, but I guess you mistyped it.
Well, you did good in Device Manager. Now, go to the site, & see whether any of the drivers mentioned there are greater than what is in Device Manager. If so, take it. These drivers all interrelate.
The latest update for 1803 came in for me today & is KB4100403…
Its write-up unfortunately does not mention your issue...
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4100403/windows-10-update-kb4100403
May 23, 2018—KB4100403 (OS Build 17134.81)
But maybe it will have an undocumented effect or just shake things up sufficiently coming in to make that CDDVD drive start working again. Click for it at Windows Update.
Good luck, & keep us informed.