If trying to install the update manually then i have one solution that will work right away.
Although this may seem scary but we are basically hoing to reinstall windows.
what you need to do is download the windows 10 media creation tool from here:
UK
https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/software-download/windows10
US
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10
once downloaded run the installer and you will have 2 options download an ISO etc and "Upgrade this pc".
Even thought you may already have windows 10 what this will do is reinstall windows like if you upgraded from windows 7/8 and in the process will download any updates so when it installs it will have most updates (like the one that is causing you trouble).
Just make sure that before you install you make sure the setting (keep my files) which should be automatically enabled is checked. once installed all of your problems should be gone!
NOTE: one thing that is lost will be your desktip background so make sure you have a copy of that
Hope that make sense,
please reply if you have any questions
best of luck 15JGlass
EDIT: added hyperlinks