We just finished a new computer. Fall Creators Update 1709 rolled out and completely ruined the installation, giving us the exact same error as listed above, although a slightly different build. It did not create a system restore point. It did not leave
the previous installation on the disk so that we could roll back to the previous build.
MicroShaft shafted us out of several hours troubleshooting, and we resetup windows again, only to see the same thing happen AGAIN. In the end we disabled windows update service to keep this install from going through. We made a backup restore disk since
it won't do a restore point or roll back to the previous build, and we will be waiting to turn on windows update until the next major update.
All data on the disk is still there but even a windows repair won't repair windows. Only reinstalling windows completely, and reinstalling all applications gets us back to where we were before windows killed the computer.
Running an Asus Prime B350M-E motherboard, with AMD Athlon X4 950 processor, AMD Radeon HD 3600 graphics, and 8 GB DDR4 RAM, if any of that helps.