I've found the solution to this problem.
I bought the Xbox one controller wireless adapter and saw that every time I connected my controller it would power down after a few seconds. Recently, I've found out that with the new anniversary update you can connect controllers to your PC via Bluetooth. I opened settings and navigated to devices, then Bluetooth and other devices and held the pairing button above the Xbox logo until the logo continually flashed. Then, I clicked on "add Bluetooth or other device" and the controller showed up as a pair-able device.
So far the controller hasn't powered off and is working fine, but the downside to this method is that the only way to power off your controller when you are not using it is to either remove the batteries/battery pack, or disconnect the controller using the Bluetooth menu.