My one and only Windows 8.1 VM is experiencing the exact same issue. It has literally nothing installed on it (it is a IE test VM thingy that I got from modern.ie). I tried rolling it back using virtualbox snapshots, but that did not resolve the issue. Is there anyone who is not experiencing this issue?
P.S. The Windows Update troubleshooter always finds problems and does stuff. (I verified this by running it on my friend's new ASUS computer and my IE test VM)
P.P.S. Since update 1.193.3002.0 is being reoffered on almost every Windows 8.1 installation, it is possible that Microsoft messed something up.
P.P.P.S. My friend's ASUS laptop just started experiencing this issue.