As I have been posting to this thread since the beginning, I thought I'd update the group:
I still have had no luck with KB2919355 despite having tried all the advice in this forum and from Microsoft. I finally broke down and contacted Microsoft and spent 2.5 hours with L1 support who simply retried the same DISM commands and shutting down anti-virus and other things that I had done numerous times before. Nothing worked. They told me that this was clearly a "special" case and referred me to Level 2 support.
I spoke with Level 2 support and told him all of the steps we had tried so that he would not waste another couple of hours retrying the same things. He finally levelled with me that "the only thing that has been working for people who have this "undoing changes" problem with KB2919355 is to wipe your system and restart the update process from your original media. When I told him that a system wipe was not a viable option for me to install an MS update, he says "I know it's a problem, but we don't have another solution at the moment." I asked him when (or if) another update would be forthcoming, he said he did not know -- this was yesterday 6/17/14.
Lo and behold, a new update was posted sometime yesterday after that conversation. At first I was quite excited, thinking "could they have solved this problem?" Sadly, no, the behavior for me is exactly the same:
Update installs completely then asks to reboot. Upon reboot, it completes until approximately 20% and says "we couldn't complete the updates, getting ready to retry." It then starts over and gets to 18% and reboots again. After the 2nd reboot, it again gets to 18% and once again says "we couldn't complete the updates, getting ready to retry." It tries yet again and gets to 18% and reboots for the third time. At this final reboot, I get the dreaded "we couldn't complete the updates undoing changes" message.
Just like before, the windows update history shows that the update "succeeded," so there is no error message, though clearly, it has NOT succeeded. My history shows this file successfully installed about 20 times now and it still keeps undoing changes and failing. Come on Microsoft, there has to be a solution to this problem without requiring a full wipe and reinstall of an otherwise working system!