As promised , I can now update you with this. The issue was raised to 2nd level support who quickly judged that there must be a corrupted file either on the original installation or one of the earlier updates. He concluded that the only answer was to reinstall 8.1, which apparently only for this operating system , can be achieved without affecting either existing applications or data. He did this remotely and it took a couple of hours. After restart, magically, all the updates are in, no problem and the system is working fine.
I can understand how you forum techies out there are desperate to establish exactly why this is happening, but for non techies like me, take my advice and pursue Microsoft Support - they came up trumps in the end and it's a lot less painful than attempting to read a 71 page thread !!