USB port malfunctioning, always says "USB Device not recognized"

Have you tried my earlier suggestion of uninstalling the USB root hubs from within Device Manager, rebooting, and allowing Windows to rediscover them?

https://www.google.com.au/search?q=device+descriptor+request+failed+windows+8&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-AU:IE-Address&ie=&oe=&gfe_rd=cr&ei=9RrGU_brHaeN8Qew8oDoAw&gws_rd=ssl

This did not work.

This update package fixes the issues that are documented in the following Microsoft Knowledge Base (KB) articles:

•2974318

 USB 2.1 device cannot be recognized when the BOS descriptor validation fails in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2

July 2014 update rollup for Windows RT 8.1, Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 R2

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2967917

Any device you plug in to that port gives you the same Unknown USB Device warning? I wasn't 100% sure if the mouse you tried worked?

You can go to the manufacture's web site and see if they have a driver for that device. If it is older you may need to install in compatibility mode.

1. Do the other USB ports work?
2. If they do, Does that device work in another USB port on that computer
3. Does that device have an extra power cord?
4. What is the device?
5. Try updating the device firmware or software from the manufacture's web site
6. Can you right click the device in Device Manager and get into the Driver tab and Driver details tab? Curious what driver it has listed if any

Edit ---

I forgot if you can right click the device in Device manger in properties can you see what is listed in Events tab 

For Event Logs Open it and if it isn't on the Overview and summary Click the Event Viewer (local) in the left pane.

You are looking for Summary of Administrative Events you can click on the other titles to minimize them if they are in the way.

Then you will see all the Event Types from Critical to Just Info. Note how many are in each. Then plug in the USB device. Which ever one up ticks right click and View all instances of this Event and from there you should see them listed by time. You can double click them to get more info. To paste the event details here you right click the event select copy > Copt as text and you can paste the XML list here

The Hardware and Sound troubleshooter didn't detect any issues.

This is what I see in device manager when I plug it in: 

I didn't see anything about trying to install.

I don't see anything in the Event Logs either. Maybe I'm not looking in the right place inside of the event logs, but I'm pretty sure I am.

Clean Boot didn't work either.

I tried plugging in a mouse and also plugging in a cord to connect my table to my computer.