First though I have is the USB port isn't giving off enough power. If you plug in the laptop and try does it work (I know its a long shot)?
To test that theory you can find a powered USB device and see if it works. Or, a USB cable that you can plug in to two ports, one for only power and one for power and data. These aren't common household items.
In device manager you can expand the USB controller tree then double click the USB root hub and select the power tab. This will tell you the power available and the power required. You will have to open them one at a time to find the one that has an unknown device. The device should be plugged in while you are doing this.