I don't really have anything to add to ZigZag's article on SFC. I do not now anything about DISM as I have never used it. Several people say that SFC sometimes only finds problems on the third run but I have no experience of this [I have never known SFC
find anything, so I suppose I am lucky].
I cannot see it being a driver issue but it is easy to check. Open Device manager on both computers & look at the driver version for the external drive. To do this, right-click on the entry under Disk drives for the xHDD & select Properties then the Driver
tab. If they are both the same then this is not the cause.
What antimalware applications have ever been run on the laptop? If you have removed any in the past then they can leave behind residues that cause all kinds of weird symptoms. I removed Norton at the start of 2010 & at the end of 2011 I had a problem copying
large files on my internal network. I then did what I had discovered I should have done in the first place and run a special removal utility for Norton and the problem was solved. So if you have ever uninstalled any antimalware applications, including any
trial versions that might have come with your computer, go to the maker's website & get their own removal tool [if you search for their guidance on removing their software, they'll either give you a link to their tool or tell you that it is not needed in their
case]. MSSE does not count, it leaves behind no residues so needs no special removal tool.
One final shot in the dark. Run defrag on your hard drives - use the Defragmenter interface for it. You can get to it in one of these ways:-
1 Type defragmenter into that deranged search engine Cortana
2 Find it in Start menu, All apps, Windows administrative tools, Defrag & optimise
3 Go straight to it in File explorer at %windir%\system32\dfrgui.exe [and make a shortcut to it for future use]
{%windir% is a variable that means C:\Windows for most cases but it can cope with your drive or Windows folder being called something else yet still find the right place}
Defrag can take a long time to run for the first time so perhaps you could run it when you are doing something else for a while.
I am only suggesting this because I have seen some very odd things solved this way and it is something that you will want to do at some stage anyway so it is not a waste of time. You can run it on both your internal & your external hard drives.
If nothing else fixes the problem then you are going to start wondering about doing a fresh installation of Windows 10. Your installation USB/DVD can do that but you will also have to backup all your own files and reinstall all your applications. It really
is a lot of work.
Denis