I am also having the 0xC1900101-0x40017 problem trying to install Windows 8.1. I had contacted Microsoft Tech Support who took control of my PC. They disabled my 680-GTX graphics card, all or most active services, took out my Win 8 Start button, and I'm not sure what else, but error results were the same after attempting to reinstall. Though I was able to restore Win 8, it was a mess and took me the next day to get it back in order (I had lost my USB3 ports, Homegroup, LAN, and some other processes).
I then went to Asus and updated my BIOS and drivers, not realizing they were now out of date. Again I tried to reinstall Win 8.1 but to no avail. This time I captured a copy (with my camera) of the split second blue screen saying your PC ran into a problem. This occurs near the end of the attempted install. It ends saying your error is "IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL". Probably a divide by zero fault(?).
I also have built my own PC based on an Asus P9X70 Deluxe MB and a 3960X CPU. I may try to contact MS support again, but I don't have high hopes. This is very frustrating.
By the way, it was no picnic when I updated to Win 8 Pro from Win 7, it took me several days. It was finally accomplished from a clean install off a separately purchased MS DVD of Win 8. Perhaps this is the only way to install Win 8.1. The thought of a clean install is painful and I don't think it is worth it.
Where's Microsoft in all this?