will actually give you the error number, which isn't all that helpful, but at least you'll
know the error number.
Typically what you see then is just a summary error code--insufficient detail to even formulate a hypothesis about what is wrong or what you should try. You need to dig out the logs. If the failure is during an update the ReportingEvents.log can at least give you a timestamp range to consider and some context for further investigation. Then, the next general place to look would be the CBS.log (or archived piece of it) which corresponds to the details that you are searching for.
Good luck
Robert