Count me in as another one extremely frustrated by this whole mess. I have to stop sometimes and be thankful that at the very least, every fail takes me back to the perfectly working 8.0 install I already have. In the meantime, I've tried most of the suggestions in this thread to no avail. For those of you who haven't been so brave to do so, I've gone so far as to nuke my 8.0 install and start again fresh. This involved allowing the software to reinstall, perform the initial Windows Updates so the upgrade ill appear in the store, and then attempting to upgrade without adding any of my applications, tools or the like; just the vanilla Microsoft stuff. This still failed. Like some of you, I had the 8.1 Preview install just fine on a separate partition. I removed it after it being quite buggy on my machine. Anyways, I've taken to heart suggestions made here: one suggested to remove a recent security update, which my machine didn't even have; another posted a link to an MS site with device drivers, only for me to download the driver and device manager not even recognize them as new. I've gotten 0x40017, 0x40018, and 0x40019 at different times attempting to upgrade. At this point, I'm done trying. I'm thankful enough to have a working 8.0 install (and think, some people are still running XP happily). If another suggestion comes along that seems feasible I may be compelled to try again, but I near convinced I won't see 8.1 until I get a new machine.
Specs
Computer: HP Pavilion dv7-4077cl (purchased in 2010)
Processor: Intel Core i3
Graphics: AMD Mobility Radeon HD 5470 + Intel 3000 (switchable graphics; only the Intel card works on my machine, can't even get the AMD card to turn on, which ironically works for me as the AMD card was the source of trouble when I upgraded from 7 to 8.)