NVIDIA users ---
Can you check your nvkflt.sys file and see which version it is? Does it match the version of the NVIDIA drivers that you have installed?
You can check this by navigating to C:\Windows\System32\Drivers in Windows Explorer. Find nvkflt.sys and hover over it to get some information, you should be able to see the version number on the first line.
The version should match the version of the NVIDIA drivers that you have installed.
Mine shows as 320.00 (or 9.18.13.2000), which is OLDER than the current version of the NVIDIA drivers I have installed (320.96).
I've confirmed that newer drivers do indeed come with a newer version of this file, but for some reason is is not being installed properly. I've updated my drivers two or three times since 320.00, and again I am currently running 320.96.
If you try to upgrade the NVIDIA drivers to the 325 series or later, but nvkflt.sys is not updated, you'll get a BSOD (SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED blaming nvkflt.sys). I believe this is [at least part of] what is messing up the Windows 8.1 upgrade for me, as it will try to install a 325-series driver during the setup process.
Having discovered this, I haven't tried to fix it yet, I won't have time to do that until this evening, but I was wondering if anyone else noticed this version discrepancy.