"Couldn't update to Windows 8.1 - 0xC1900101 - 0x40017"

OK so the good news?  I got Windows 8.1 to install!  Following some advice in this thread, I uninstalled my entire catalyst control center along with drivers and whatnot before going forward with the 8.1 install.  That seemed to do it, the install went in, and I got all the way to configuring my account and preparing to log in.  Then Mr. BSoD came knocking again.  But this time he wasn't so friendly.

Since the install had technically completed, this blue screen didn't cause a roll back.  Instead my computer restarted, got to the 8.1 login, and blue screened again.  Windows automatically started the recovery partition, but when I did a disk check (green to go) and startup recovery (could not recover).  Lost at what else to try, I popped in my Acronis CD and ended up having to restore off a drive image I made last night.

In every instance the BSoD told me the same thing: "Bad Pool Header".  Unfortunately because I was a little out of it, I forgot to boot into safe mode and check out the logs before doing an image restore.  Looking up the Bad Pool Header issue, I think this case is related to drivers given the problems I was having getting past the installation of 8.1.  My guess is that the AMD catalyst drivers I had were preventing the 8.1 install from going in, but there's another set of drivers on my system that allows 8.1 to go in but disagrees with it thereafter.

I guess I'm stuck waiting for driver updates from manufacturers or a fix from Microsoft...

On the Clean boot did you install Norton First or did it come preinstalled?

If so try using Norton Removal tool to uninstall Norton before trying the update again.

Lastly I just tried the update and it failed obviously with the same error code or I wouldn't be here but I did check my updates and there were 2 optional updates doing those now and will then try the install again. Will post final results when achieved.

Also using GeForce Experience Program from Nividia to keep my 2 EVGA 660ti graphics cards updated will let you know if it helps.

I hope a fix is found soon.  I've done everything that I could possibly think of to fix this, but with no luck.

I uninstalled my GeForce drivers it then installed but will not let me reinstall the drivers. Going to format the PC later today back to 8 had decided to get a high spec laptop for everything, never thought I would say it, but it's a mac for me after this experience.

I hope a fix is found soon.  I've done everything that I could possibly think of to fix this, but with no luck.

I read in another listing by a Microsoft support team member that there is a bug in the driver update portion of install and to give them a few days to fix it. I encountered the same error number with a dell xps15, and since I am really looking forward to this update I am hoping this si solution. hope this gives you some peace of mind

I have the same error on my Dell XPS 15 as well.  Hope there's a fix soon.