Same issue, very frustrating. On my Dell XPS 15. I dual boot with Ubuntu. I reinstalled windows 8, got all updates still same 0x80004005 error. It shouldn't be this difficult.
I'm in the process of doing the drivers, but am not optimistic about this.
When I tried to set the windows partition as active, the choice was whited out, implying it was the active partition already. I've reset the strore as well.
Microsoft has been less than responsive on this issue, with all the threads I've seen offering the same solutions.