If you choose to run the chkdsk with error correction either from Start, Run or from the Tools options and if you want chkdsk to actually try to fix problems, your system must be in a "static state".
There are only two ways to be sure your system is in a static state when running chkdsk.
One way is to run chkdsk from the XP Recovery Console so that XP is not "running" to interfere with chkdsk and when it will be impossible for things to be changing on the volume.
The other way is to schedule the chkdsk to run on the next reboot of the system before XP has a chance to finish loading.
When you choose to run chkdsk with error correction either from the disk properties Tools options or from Start, Run or a Command Prompt (chkdsk /r) you must respond in the affirmative to this question:
Would you like this volume to be checked the next time the system restarts?
If you respond in the affirmative, then chkdsk /r will be scheduled to run the next time XP reboots.
Running a chkdsk with error correction can take a long time - perhaps many hours depending on the size of the volume, the amount of data on the volume and what chkdsk finds to do. Be patient and wait observing the percent complete on the screen which may even appear to go backwards sometimes. If the HDD light is blinking or you can hear the system "working" chkdsk is still running, so do not try to interrupt it.
When chkdsk runs automatically on a reboot either because XP thinks it needs to (perhaps your NTFS volume has been marked as dirty) or you choose to schedule the chkdsk with error correction on the next reboot, the results are shown in the Event Viewer Application log. You need to look there for the chkdsk log to see what happened and any problems after chkdsk has run.
To see the results of a chkdsk that runs on reboot, you must look in the Event Viewer.
To see the Event Viewer logs, click Start, Settings, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Event Viewer.
A shortcut to Event Viewer is to click Start, Run and in the box enter:
eventvwr.msc
Click OK to launch the Event Viewer.
Look in the Application log for an event sourced by Winlogon, something like:
Event Type: Information
Event Source: Winlogon
Event Category: None
Event ID: 1001
Description:
Checking file system on C:
The type of the file system is NTFS.
One of your disks needs to be checked for consistency. You may cancel the disk check, but it is strongly recommended that you continue.
Windows will now check the disk.
Cleaning up minor inconsistencies on the drive.
CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal...
Usn Journal verification completed.
39070048 KB total disk space.
28017948 KB in 100571 files.
56540 KB in 10556 indexes.
0 KB in bad sectors.
236440 KB in use by the system.
65536 KB occupied by the log file.
10759120 KB available on disk.
4096 bytes in each allocation unit.
9767512 total allocation units on disk.
2689780 allocation units available on disk.
Windows has finished checking your disk.
Please wait while your computer restarts.