It annoys me getting to the last page.
Special folders sometimes need the Read Only (which has no meaning for a folder) or System (Windows asks are you sure if you try to delete) attribute set. As Read Only can't apply to a folder, Explorer reuses the storage (1 bit) to tell itself to treat the folder as special. Type in a command prompt.
attrib +r "%userprofile%\desktop"
Does the location tab now appear.
You seem to have a lot of software that uses environment variables (the set command). As an example I don't have a single non windows entry. The standard ones looked correct on a cursory look.
The file paths look correct except Contacts is missing. Would any of your software (mail/firefox/address book?) have disabled the Contacts folder. Contacts is known by a number (called a GUID) rather than name.
{56784854-C6CB-462B-8169-88E350ACB882} REG_EXPAND_SZ %USERPROFILE%\Contacts
Typing this in the Start Run dialog (not a command prompt) should recreate or open the folder. Press Winkey + R, then type
shell:contacts
One can use the shell: protocol to open and create special folders.
To open Documents and create if it doesn't exist
Click Start - All Programs - Accessories - Run (or press Winkey + R). Type
shell:personal
To get a list of folders that can be used with the shell: protocol
Start - All Programs - Accessories - Right click Command Prompt and choose Run As Administrator. Type (or copy and paste by right clicking in the Command Prompt window and choosing Paste).
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\explorer\FolderDescriptions" /v Name /s |findstr /c:Name|sort /+23