That is exactly the same as running rom File Explorer because when you open up This PC it brings up File Explorer. The problem is that while I can scan my Primary drive from Windows 10 using error checking, you have to reboot first. Perhaps it is because I am using a Solid State Drive as my boot drive, but who knows.
That aside, you are doing it right. First, if there were any errors with your drive, chkdsk would give you an error message, either reporting the bad sectors as it finds them if you are watching (boring huh?) if before rebooting.
There should be an error log stored in the event viewer, or at least that's what happens when you don't reboot when running error checking.
To access event viewer, Right click on the Windows symbol on the lower right hand corner and select Event Viewer near the top of the list. Didn't see that coming, did you? Needed a joke at this point. Okay, after opening Event Viewer, look for Windows Logs in the left hand pane in the window and click on the arrow to the left of it to open the sublist.
Click on Applications and look in the right hand or middle pane for an application with the source labeled as chkdsk. It will also have the time and date that it was run. If it is there, click on it and you will have all the information I have been talking about. If there is nothing labeled chkdsk, I guess the log is either not being saved when run when rebooting or it is being saved elsewhere (maybe in your Windows folder).
Assuming it is there, clicking on the chkdsk log will show a General list of items that you can scroll through, and a separate tab for the Detailed information. General will probably tell you enough to see if there is a problem with your drive or it is an operating system glitch. If it is a glitch, you are going to have to check other sites for this problem using Google because it is pretty obvious his thread should have a solution after so many years, but only some of us have been successful.
I've tried. Hope you have some success. Let me know if this works out, as I'm feeling invested, and no, I don't work for Microsoft. Good luck. Don't forget, there is a freeware program called Malwarebytes that might indicate a problem if this doesn't give you a solution (other than a broken hard drive that needs replacing, which I doubt). Just Google it. The answer to all. Bye.
The way I run/ran Error Checking, I go to This PC, right click my C drive, click Properties, click Tools then Error Checking. I normally get, the volume is in use and it will run following a restart. I Restart the Laptop and see that the scan is about to start giving a few seconds to by pass. I do nothing, you see the % of completion...it gets to 100% and goes to Windows. No report, nothing to click on that displays view report, etc
Does window capture the Error correcting report and store it in a file that is user accessible? Or, am I running Error Checking incorrectly and that is the reason I see nothing to view a report of findings/results?