Well, throughout the course of this thread I have checked the Faultwire site countless times, including several visits to the links in "Research This Issue", which is honestly just a search engine. (Most of the pages I found there were for other OSs, but I tried them anyways). I have not found the Faultwire site helpful in my situation.
Just a recap...
Things we've tried: (with no result)
-Startup Repair on install cd
-delete Bootcat.cache
-replace ntdll.dll with original file from install cd
-BootRec (both repair options)
-sfc /scannow
-chkdsk (with Thorough option)
-chkntfs
-Checked hardware for issues
I do not have any Roxio, Norton, or Symantec software installed on this machine, and never had it in the past. The hardware on this machine has never been modified or replaced, all of it is straight from the factory in it's original configuration. Also, the BIOS on this machine does not have Shadowing options or any other options. Only boot device order, "Quick boot", "Quiet boot", and date/time settings.
Using the Ubuntu live cd, I compiled a list of all files in the /Windows directory tree that were modified between August 14-16. (the last successful boot occurred on the 15th, and I shut down the computer on the 16th and immediately tried to boot it again, which is when the first BSOD occurred). I copied the more likely suspect files to my flash drive (the ones with the word "log" in the filepath or filename), and I'll look through them sometime during the next few days.