Thanks for the suggestions, Ralf.
I created a new user and experienced the same problem. sfc said there were some things it couldn't fix, but they don't seem relevant (all have the "file is missing" issue:
2009-11-12 10:36:01, Info CSI 000000e4 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"license.rtf" of Microsoft-Windows-License-OEM-HomeBasic.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US",
VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:36:02, Info CSI 000000e5 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"license.rtf" of Microsoft-Windows-License-OEM-HomeBasic.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US",
VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:44:20, Info CSI 000001b5 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"CNFMP95R.ICC" of wiaca00f.inf, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken
= {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type = [l:24{12}]"driverUpdate", TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:44:39, Info CSI 000001b6 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"CNFMP95R.ICC" of wiaca00f.inf, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken
= {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type = [l:24{12}]"driverUpdate", TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:49:44, Info CSI 000002b1 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:54{27}]"pl-PL_BitLockerToGo.exe.mui" of Microsoft-Windows-SecureStartup-BitLockerAccessAgent-Binaries.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
(0), Culture = [l:10{5}]"pl-pl", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:49:44, Info CSI 000002b3 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:54{27}]"pl-PL_BitLockerToGo.exe.mui" of Microsoft-Windows-SecureStartup-BitLockerAccessAgent-Binaries.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
(0), Culture = [l:10{5}]"pl-pl", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:50:36, Info CSI 000002eb [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"license.rtf" of Microsoft-Windows-License-OEM-HomeBasic.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US",
VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:50:36, Info CSI 000002ec [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"CNFMP95R.ICC" of wiaca00f.inf, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken
= {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type = [l:24{12}]"driverUpdate", TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:50:36, Info CSI 000002ed [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:54{27}]"pl-PL_BitLockerToGo.exe.mui" of Microsoft-Windows-SecureStartup-BitLockerAccessAgent-Binaries.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
(0), Culture = [l:10{5}]"pl-pl", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:50:36, Info CSI 000002ee [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"CNFMP95R.ICC" of wiaca00f.inf, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken
= {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type = [l:24{12}]"driverUpdate", TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:50:36, Info CSI 000002f0 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:22{11}]"license.rtf" of Microsoft-Windows-License-OEM-HomeBasic.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US",
VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing
2009-11-12 10:50:36, Info CSI 000002f2 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:54{27}]"pl-PL_BitLockerToGo.exe.mui" of Microsoft-Windows-SecureStartup-BitLockerAccessAgent-Binaries.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
(0), Culture = [l:10{5}]"pl-pl", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, file is missing