This is still broken with Build 25158.1000, the MS response indicated that it was fixed with 25158, but it is still failing.
Safe mode boot with F4 or F5 options, fails with either one. Previously had failed with F4, now fails with both.
https://aka.ms/AAhgxeo
https://aka.ms/AAhbjmn



Edit:
Ran SFC /SCANNOW and also the commands below and did not find anything to fix.
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /CHECKHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /SCANHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /RESTOREHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /STARTCOMPONENTCLEANUP
Then I tried an update/repair in place with the MS ISO 25158, but it did not fix the problem.
Yet I have another machine with the same Build 25158.1000, and I can boot in safe mode without this problem.