I did check on Rufus and it does as expected but you have to disable Secure Boot when you use that format.. not that great..
I was looking at your DISM /export-image command and you are using Index 1 for Win 10 Home?
I used Index 6 for Pro and it came out to 3.35 GBs.. So doing it that way isn't really that hard.
As far as I know, all UEFI machines support Legacy and UEFI Bios. How it installs just depends on how you boot the media.
1) Rufus can be a pain, and it does not make a media that is compatible with all configurations.
2)That sample had index 1 because it was probably only win 10 Pro x64 in that specific case. Index 6 is correct for Win 10 Pro if you get the Multi editions ISO.
3) As for UEFI machines the newer ones are UEFI only, like my Dell XPS 8930 or the Lenovo Yoga 920.
The ones that support both UEFI and Legacy BIOS are older machines or older motherboards.
Just F.Y.I. These are all Intel Machines:
Lenovo Yoga 920 was from 12/08/2017 UEFI only, already dropped Legacy Bios support
Dell XPS 8930 was from 05/20/2020 UEFI only, already dropped Legacy Bios support
Dell XPS 8700 Was from 2014 and has both UEFI and Legacy Bios support
MSI GT70-0NC is from 2015 and only has Legacy Bios.
Dell XPS 8300 Is much older and only has Legacy Bios.
https://www.anandtech.com/show/12068/intel-to-remove-bios-support-from-uefi-by-2020
4)The one you are using ASUS Z490 has both Modes and can boot from NTFS regardless of the mode it is set, the same on my Dell XPS 8700. You can also boot from MBR NTFS on those machines even when set for UEFI and Secure boot on.
Just use an Installation USB flash MBR FAT32 with the Partition set active and it will work with everything 😉
You still need an ISO editor to replace the original install.wim with the install.esd you create.
If you create an ISO from uupdump, when you download the zip file with the commands, you have the option to specify install.esd instead of install.wim, clearly the process is much longer for the conversion.