Somehow I missed this post when I created mine: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/surface/forum/surfbook-surfdrivers/surface-book-devices-disconnecting/f70035bd-7aa4-4f9e-88de-47f252002ec8?tm=1448859308876
But this sounds like the exact same thing, also happening when trying to store Steam games on a USB3 SSD. I've made absolutely no progress in fixing this, but this issue is doing a very good job of corrupting files on my SSD.