I have a Surface Pro 3 with a corresponding docking station. The docking station is connected to a Dell U2711 monitor using a simple passive 3ft mDP - DP cable from Monoprice.
After upgrading to Windows 10 and installing the latest Microsoft firmware & drivers (SurfacePro3_Win10_150723_0) I had this setup working with a resolution of 2560 x 1440 on the external monitor for a week.
The external monitor then stopped working after undocking and redocking while the Surface was turned on. Connecting it straight to the mDP on the Surface Pro 3 worked just fine, but not through the docking station. For 2 hours I tried everything suggested
in this forum and everything else I could think of to fix it, including removing and reinstalling firmware and drivers. Turning devices off and on in all possible permutations. Unplugging and testing different cables and monitors (mDP to VGA and mDP to HDMI).
Restoring to a known-good previous restore point. Dancing the lambada. Nothing worked. The monitor would not show up in the Device Manager or anywhere else.
Finally, this fixed it for me: undock the Surface and turn it off. Press the power button + volume up button for 15 seconds to completely power it down. Turn the Surface back on. Redock it. And voila, the external monitor through the docking station mDP
is back.
Thanks for all the suggestions. I hope this helps anyone. BTW, I did notice the Surface is now finicky rebooting while docked; it frequently hangs on the start logo.