Updated 9/9/2024
Thank you for reporting this issue. We are actively investigating. While we are investigating and if the "Battery & charging" option is missing in the Surface app, please update the Surface app to newest version 74.8150.129.0 or later which is available in the Microsoft Store app. To update the Surface app, open the Microsoft Store app, select Downloads, select Get Updates.
If you still are not able to see the "Battery & charging" option and you are running version 74.8150.129.0 or later, try to reset the Surface app by clicking the Windows Start menu, click Settings. Within Windows Settings, click Apps, click Installed apps and then for the Surface app click "...", select Advanced options, click the Reset button in the Reset section.
Marking as "Answered" to raise visibility while we are investigating.
Although that helped, I am certain it does not resolve the issue. Rather it's just activating a time bomb until the app goes haywire again and we have to reset it again in the hope that the "answer" is still working. (On an unrelated, but similar issue: In the recent months I have seen changes made almost daily where certain functions stop working or have been replaced by entirely new functions, shortcuts, etc. STOP THAT, MICROSOFT! And stop reverting random changes for the same apparont reasonless bs you've changed it before.)
Since my last post on 2nd of June, this issue resolved itself mysteriously and reappeared mysteriously again. First time it resolved itself without my doing, now the "reset" worked, but still, I would like to quote Euphorbia Monstrose:
"Marking the question as 'Answered to raise visibility' is not appropriate.
That is not what Answered means.
We will be notified if there are replies anyway. Marking this as the answer does nothing but make your numbers look better when you have not resolved the issue.
We are all seeing this problem with various versions, various surfaces.
Please fix the issue or at the very least acknowledge that it is a known issue and Microsoft is working on it. A link to a Github issue would be appreciated."
This. Exactly this.