Hello iRenaissanceMan,
Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community.
I appreciate you raising this concern to us, and I understand that you're experiencing an issue with your Surface. The Microsoft Surface Go is compatible with USB-C docks, but it is important to ensure that the dock is compatible with the Surface Go. The HP EliteBook Thunderbolt 3 dock (model HSTNN-CX01) is designed for HP laptops and the USB C port of Surface Go does not support Thunderbolt connection. That explains why it appears to be charging only.
See this link to know more about Surface Go: Surface Go (1st Gen) specs and features - Microsoft Support
Hope it helps.
Best regards,
Rolando S.