I have also started having the "bouncing" USB connections issue in the last few days. It starts some time after a fresh boot, not sure if it is triggered by disconnecting the dock without turning the Surface off. When it starts, my devices become unresponsive for about 5 seconds every 30 seconds and the only fix seems to be to restart the Surface while connected to the dock.
These are the connected devices:
3DConnexion CAD mouse (corded) USB 2.0
Logitech K800 keyboard (wireless dongle) USB 2.0
Dell P2415Q monitor (MiniDisplayport)
It would be great to know if this was a hardware issue. Thanks.