Thank you for the reply Jacen, it's greatly appreciated!
Clear the Enable advanced printing features check box on the Advanced tab of the property sheet of the printer.
I tried unchecking this and printing, the print jobs still sit in the queue and time out eventually.
Check the Spool folder to see whether it contains any old files. The default Spool folder is %systemroot%\System32\Spool\Printers.
This folder did contain nearly 8,500 temp files, even when all the installed print queues were empty. I deleted all files in this directory and restarted the print spooler service. Interestingly, with all empty print queues, there was one file in this folder that was in use by the print spooler service. Restarting the service did allow me to delete this file as well (perhaps this is a clue to the issue?). Even so, after emptying this folder and restarting the spooler, the print jobs still get stuck in the queue and time out.
Reset the Print Spooleron the client, and then try again.
This was also unsuccessful, the print jobs still get stuck in the queue after resetting the spooler.
I'll also mention that this is the first time this printer has been attempted to be installed on this server. It has never worked in the past on this machine.
Since my last post I have deployed another full virtual machine on another system running Windows Server 2022 on the same network as the system in question. This new test server and the machine in question are both deployed as RDP servers. The test Server 2022 instance works fine with the printer however. It was even installed using the same ISO as that of the machine in question. There must be some broken configuration right on the machine in question that is causing this behavior.
Thanks for the reply again, if you have more thoughts please let me know!