My situation is almost identical.
I have one computer running 23H2 (our home Office computer). It serves as our file share server. Our second computer ("Kitchen") was running Windows 10 and was able to see the shared directories and files just fine. I bought a replacement Dell Inspiron because Windows 10 has passed end-of-life. The new Kitchen computer has Windows 11 24H2. It cannot see the shared files. The Network view in File Explorer sees \Office, but cannot open it or see the shared directories at all. I can ping \Office by IPv4 address, so I know the network path is working. I have tried all the published remedies I can find on Microsoft Answers and other sources: set computer name and workgroup; set network type to Private; Network discovery ON; sharing ON; password protection OFF; SMB on and starts automatically; file sharing computer always on; full access for Everyone on shared folders (and their parent folders, etc.); add the LanmanWorkstation key in regedit (which had no effect, so I took it back out); converted my Microsoft admin account to local; checked the NTFS permissions; turned off the firewall (no effect, so turned it back on); used the 'net share' command on the Office computer to verify that the folders are being shared; (re-)activated TCP/IP-NetBIOS on and starts automatically. So far no luck.
Has Microsoft provided any kind of workaround? Or better yet, a real fix?
I checked for Windows updates today. Nothing so far.